Capital Ideas^™ 
Investment insights from Capital Group

Small-cap stocks, long overlooked in favour of large caps, are staging a comeback and may be at an inflection point after years of lagging their larger peers. Small caps (as measured by the Russell 2000 Index) have surged to three-year highs, and we think the outlook is getting more constructive on several fronts.

Here’s why: For one, the U.S. economy remains strong with the prospect of further interest rate cuts and a more deregulatory environment. On the earnings front, growth is poised to reaccelerate for smaller companies, following a rough patch in recent years. Also, initial public offering (IPO) activity is picking up, which could create new investment opportunities amid pent up demand from private equity investors to exit investments. Plus, there is a wide valuation gap with large caps. 

On a forward price-to-earnings basis, small-cap stocks globally trade at their lowest levels in nearly 20 years relative to large companies. Of course, quality varies in the small cap universe and returns have varied the past 12 months across the world, underscoring the eclectic nature of the asset class and idiosyncratic opportunities. 

Here is a deeper look at the potential catalysts for change and the challenges.

1. It’s not unusual to see extended periods of large-cap equity leadership

First off, it’s obviously been a frustrating period for small cap investors. For much of the past decade, small caps have trailed large caps. We would point out that this dynamic has gone back and forth since the 1930s.

Interestingly, previous cycles of outsized leadership for small caps followed technological leaps that impacted society and spawned new businesses. 

Go back to the Space Race of the 1950s–1960s between the USSR and the United States. Think of the development of the internet and broadband networking capacity in the mid-to-late 1990s, rapid smartphone adoption after 2008 and the acceleration in cloud computing after 2012. In our view, artificial intelligence (AI) is likely to be the next catalyst.

With that in mind, it can be prudent to be positioned earlier rather than later for these leadership changes in areas of the equity market. Moves in smaller stocks can be more swift than larger ones, since small caps are often less liquid and more volatile.

Furthermore, on a global basis, history also suggests small caps can pack a punch. As the chart shows, they have outpaced large caps close to 70% of the time in three-year rolling periods since 2000, making the asset class an important source of global equity returns.

2. Direction of U.S. economy and rate policy appear constructive

Small caps struggled with a two-year rate hiking cycle that raised their debt financing costs, as well as growing concerns the U.S. was headed for a recession. The outlook looks more favourable on both of these fronts. Plus, inventory imbalances in certain industries that hurt earnings for smaller companies in 2022 and 2023 have improved.

The direction of the U.S. economy suggests a more constructive backdrop for economically sensitive small caps. Our economist Jared Franz believes the U.S. economy is shifting back to mid-cycle, rather than exhibiting late-cycle conditions, which often foreshadow a recession. He likens it to the 2008 movie The Curious Case of Benjamin Button, where the title character played by Brad Pitt ages in reverse — from an old man to a young child.

A mid-cycle economy is generally characterized by rising corporate profits, accelerating credit demand, softening cost pressures and a shift toward neutral monetary policy. If this scenario plays out like the movie script, proposed initiatives under the Trump administration (e.g., lower corporate taxes, deregulation) could be tailwinds for U.S. small caps.

It does come with a caveat. Stronger growth for the U.S. economy could bring higher inflation, meaning the U.S. Federal Reserve may be forced to either pause its current rate cuts or hike depending on what impact the policies have on the economy.

3. Earnings growth will have to come through   

For smaller companies to close both the valuation and market leadership gap with large caps, earnings growth has to come through. After all, fundamentals ultimately help sustain stock price gains. So far, the picture looks encouraging.

Earnings are projected to improve over the next four quarters for companies that comprise the Russell 2000 Index, based on consensus estimates compiled by data provider LSEG.

What’s more, earnings growth is projected to be mostly robust for the four largest sector weights in the Russell 2000: industrials, financials, health care and consumer discretionary. These are areas where we believe certain companies can be bolstered by stronger U.S. growth, a more normal interest rate environment and a revival of domestic manufacturing. 

When it comes to financials, we have become more comfortable with U.S. regional banks given fears of a recession have dissipated, along with concerns about the health of the commercial real estate market. We have gravitated toward well-capitalized banks that are experienced acquirers, those best suited for a gradual reduction in interest rates and those positioned in faster-growing regions of the U.S., such as the Southeast.

In consumer discretionary, we see a range of growth runways. For instance, TopBuild, a provider of installation materials for residential homes and commercial buildings, has benefited from increased energy efficiency requirements and a housing supply deficit in the U.S. On the other end of the spectrum, there’s Mediterranean fast-casual restaurant CAVA Group, which has seen strong growth from consumer demand for healthy, quick and customizable meals that are reasonably priced.

4. Growing tailwinds from U.S. reindustrialization

A supportive macroeconomic backdrop is only part of the overall story for small-cap stocks. These companies often need a structural growth runway to thrive.

U.S. production is one of them. The reindustrialization of the U.S. is an ideal set up for some smaller industrial companies, who make less glamorous products ranging from heating systems to insulation materials to specialized sensors used in state-of-the-art manufacturing plants. Some of these companies have been around for decades and have carved out niche market shares and pricing power, making them cash generative and defensible businesses.

A major overhaul of the aging American power grid should also be a catalyst for smaller industrial firms who make niche tools and parts. Industries that have large energy requirements — semiconductors, pharmaceuticals and autos — are part of the reshoring wave.

Overall, a tidal wave of U.S. government spending on infrastructure, projected at US$1.4 trillion through 2030, is poised to reshape American manufacturing, semiconductor and energy industries and be a source of sustained demand.

Importantly for the small cap universe, the reshoring of supply chains is not just a U.S. story. It’s also happening in India, countries in Southeast Asia and Europe.

Establishing new manufacturing hubs in certain regions of the world require vast supply chains to operate, and we believe many smaller companies will get opportunities to participate, including niche European, Asian and Australian suppliers of industrial materials, chemicals and semiconductors.

5. The AI spending boom presents opportunities

The AI boom is another tailwind for small caps. The largest U.S. technology companies collectively plan to spend hundreds of billions of dollars over the next three years to get pole position in the AI race. Much of the spending is earmarked for data centres.

Generative AI tools like ChatGPT run on large language models hosted on thousands of servers in massive data centres. These data centres require cooling systems to help the servers run more efficiently, as well as a power infrastructure consisting of transformers, generators and transmission lines. The buildout is creating parallel opportunities to invest outside the mega cap tech names that dominate AI such as Nvidia, Microsoft or Meta.

Smaller companies such as Comfort Systems USA, a maker of heating and ventilation systems, and Modine, which builds fan walls to prevent overheating, are among those benefiting from data centres growth, for example.

Our technology analysts anticipate new AI business models to emerge from the enormous amount of excess compute capacity that is currently under development. One area may be small firms that provide specialized application software or computer hardware. According to consultancy firm EY, there are approximately 50 AI companies currently in the IPO registration process and a third are profitable.

6. The IPO market could become fertile ground again

We are beginning to see signs that the IPO market — once fertile ground for small cap investors — could yield more promising opportunities. The market seems to be normalizing after a long spell of ultra-low interest rates kept many promising startups in the private market. It also inflated valuations for some deals. And in some cases, multiple rounds of venture capital funding drove market valuations so high that when a company went public their market capitalization fell outside the traditional parameters of the small cap category.

Overall IPO activity has increased. While tech companies usually get the most fanfare, there’s been a number of IPOs for consumer companies and industrial product makers. And in a promising sign, the number of profitable IPO companies in the U.S. is on the rise again.

We also anticipate opportunities to invest from the growing backlog of private equity-backed companies in the IPO pipeline. After a slowdown in IPO and M&A activity the past couple of years, there is pent up demand from private equity (PE) investors to monetize their investments through IPOs.

Historically, we have found that when the IPO market starts to rebound, higher quality companies with better-run businesses and prospects are often the first brought to market. These deals are typically sold at more palatable valuations versus times when the IPO market is red-hot and companies with less attractive balance sheets are rushed to market.

Bottom line: Be selective

While the U.S. equity market is concentrated in mega caps, we believe now is an ideal time to reconsider opportunities in small caps, which could be poised to benefit from a soft economic landing, pro-growth policies, accelerating earnings growth and cheaper valuations on a relative basis.

In our view, investing in small cap stocks requires in-depth, on-the-ground research. Small caps are an eclectic group of companies with a wide range of outcomes, depending on the line of business, the quality of management and the direction of interest rates.

We are entering a disruptive period resulting from the development of AI, the reshoring of supply chains and renewed capital investment — factors that likely will increase competition in certain areas and displace some companies. Unlike their larger peers in the S&P 500, smaller companies have less diversified streams of revenue and can be more susceptible to the pace of global growth and interest rate changes.

Therefore, we remain selective and measured in our investments in small-cap stocks, focusing on companies with more durable business models or those that appear positioned to prosper from growth trends over this decade.